Bsee and boem as to what additional standards may be applicable to offshore substation design as the agencies update their regulations. Substation automation systems are responsible for the protection, monitoring and. It consists of two dead end poles to terminate the lines, two manual nonload. Substation layout substation layout single line diagram check.
Engineers who need a comprehensive understanding of the design concepts and methods used in protecting highvoltage electrical substation bus and power transformers should take this course. With the introduction of iec 61850, utility communication will be used for substation automation and also for protection purposes within a substation and between substations. Protection and control in bay dedicated kiosks of an ehv switchyard general overview three trends have emerged in the sphere of substation secondary equipment. Dec 25, 2018 the electricity substation is a network of electrical equipment which is connected in a structured way in order to supply electricity to end consumers. There is numerous electrical substation components like outgoing and incoming circuitry each of which having its circuit breakers, isolators, transformers, and busbar system etc for the smooth functioning of the system.
The substation would be a combination of switching, controlling, and voltage stepdown equipment arranged to reduce subtransmission voltage to primary distribution voltage for residential, commercial, and industrial loads. Substation equipment an overview sciencedirect topics. The rolling sphere method provides superior protection from strikes to the substation s equipment, however, the low historical gfd and the small equipment area mean there is a low anticipated frequency of strikes within the equipment area. Substations generally contains transformers and have switching, protection and control equipment. The installation of surge arresters is the common practice for the protection of the distribution substations against lightning overvoltages that may cause serious damages to the equipment. Lightning overvoltage and protection of power substations. All rus borrowers rus electric staff effective date. The equipment like bus bars, isolator, power transformer etc.
Fundamentals of electrical substations and switchgear. Introduction to substations annotated instructors guide module overview this module introduces trainees to the function of substations at all levels of the power grid, with an introduction to typical substation components included. Terminal equipment at the substation is protected against by surge diverters, also called surge arrester or lightning arresters. Study of substation equipment and protection conclusion. Components and substations for electrical transmission and. Additional substation equipment is needed breaker maintenance does not require line outage breaker failure results in entire substation outage main bus. Substation substation a station in the power transmission system at which electric power is transformed to a conveniently used form. These grounding connection points must be connected to the substation ground mat with 40 copper cable.
Mcdonald the use of electric power substations in generation, transmission, and distribution remains one of the most challenging and exciting areas of electric power engineering. Ehvehv and ehvhv substations may have several configurations topologies, depending on the requirements of the continuity, the reliability and the quality of power supply. These recommendations will take into account the critical nature of the substation to the operation of the wind farm, while also considering costs of the structures when recommending standards. Power substations contain expensive pieces of equipment. The smart substation should make full use of advanced technologies, such as big data, mobile interconnection, artificial intelligence, and image recognition, to realize the intelligent operation and maintenance of substation equipment in the mode of highest efficiency and lowest cost, with the functions of. This bulletin is an update and revision of previous rea bulletin 651, design guide for rural substations revised june 1978. When a fault occurs within the boundary of a particular zone, then the protection system responsible for the protection of the zone acts to isolate by tripping the circuit breakers every equipment within that zone from the rest of the system.
A small switching station may be little more than a bus plus some circuit breakers. Rubberizedinsulated ppe maintenance all electrical equipment shall be tested according to cianbro safety policy, procedures and best practices. If protection is not installed then you can watch them explode. The power system as a whole has to be considered when deciding the substation switching scheme. Evaluation of a centralized substation protection and control.
Basic sas architectures 3 distributed bay controllers implement interlocking and interface ieds ieds implement protection and switching. All of the building blocks are based on state of the art numerical technology, compatible with conventional equipment. Transmission, sub transmission and distribution substation 4. Protection of substation electrical substation fuse. A diverter is connected in parallel or shunt with the equipment to.
This paper describes the trends of substation technology, fuji electrics efforts in this field, as well as future prospects and problems. Electrical substation components list diagram, working. Arguably, one of the most important piece of equipment in any substation is a power transformer. Circuit breakers are used to interrupt any shortcircuits or overload currents that may occur on the network. Abb has been engineering and constructing substations from their very beginning and has delivered more substations than any other supplier. Purpose of substations in general, a substation is a power system. The loss of electrical power to a hospital is very serious while the loss of power to a residence is inconvenient. In addition, circuit quantities, configurations, and ratings. Oilfilled power transformers also pose the largest fire risk in any substation. The study of 220kv power substation equipment details eep. The mvlv substations are a node of a a substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. Substations generally have switching, protection and control equipment, and transformers.
Electrical substation equipment for transferring of electrical power from generating unit to distributing units various types of electrical equipment are required. Through the optimal use of these arresters, it is possible to lower surge arrester ratings and thereby improve protective margins, resulting in a. Fundamentals of modern substation equipment, protection. The comparison proves that fixed angle method with. Provides equipment protection for transformers, lines, cables. Offshore substation design development of standards. The same substation may have more than one type of configurations, depending of the voltage levels. Electric substations with equipment used to convert highvoltage, extrahighvoltage ehv, or ultrahighvoltage uhv transmission lines to the intermediate voltage subtransmission lines or to switch subtransmission circuits operating at voltages in the range of 34.
Recloser circuit breakers or fuses may be used for protection of distribution circuits. In a large substation, circuit breakers are used to interrupt any shortcircuits or overload currents that may occur on the network. Oct 06, 2015 introduction substation protection system power system protection is a branch of electrical power engineering that deals with the protection of electrical power systems from faults through the isolation of faulty parts. Today, conventional substation protection and control systems are of a widely distributed. With the first deployment of serial communication in substations, the separation between. Oct 21, 2019 the substation is nothing but which as types of equipment such as power transformer, current transformer, potential transformer, isolator, circuit breaker, etc to control or changing some characteristics of energy. Switchgear equipment disconnects and isolates a piece of equipment so maintenance work can be performed. The adequate protection of distribution substations and lines ensures the reliable operation of the network and prevents damages of the equipment. Not only can the highvoltage impulses damage load equipment, but the temporary fault that follows a lightning strike to the line causes voltage sags and interruptions. Protection of these substations is analyzed through gametheoretic means where the utility tries to confuse any potential attackers on which substations actually have true, rigid protection on them.
Design study for 3311 kv substation, distribution and. Knowledge of stateoftheart substation equipment, protection and controls is a prerequisite to making decisions in design, construction and operation of high and medium voltage substations. The distribution transformer is a main and largest equipment of. Unesco eolss sample chapters electrical energy systems components and substations for electrical transmission and distribution systems b. This family offers the widest range of products for the protection, control, measurement and supervision of power systems.
Smaller distribution stations may use recloser circuit breakers or fuses for protection of distribution circuits. The lightning protection system for the site must comply with ieee 998. Substations generally have switching, protection and control equipment and one or more transformers. It is a usual practice by many electrical utilities to prepare oneline diagrams with. Relion 670650500 series ieds belong to the relion protection and control product family. Requirements of a protection system l speed l reliability. Short circuit and current capacity of equipment, bus and other equipment compliance with projects scope and requirements number of feeders and load circuits. Test methodologies and data supporting these guidelines are also presented. In addition, the amount of manual work required assembling and testing each wire. Substation automation system sas provides protection, control, automation, monitoring, and communication capabilities as a part of a comprehensive substation control and monitoring solution. The first substations were connected to only one power station, where the generators were housed, and were subsidiaries of that power station. Manual control is performed by personnel using control switches to change the operating state of electrical equipment for some reason, such as equipment. L leave unaffected equipment inservice l maintain equipment operating limits l maintain electrical system stability.
Numbers of breakers, disconnect switches, transformers, auxiliaries, protective devices, lines and other equipment. Through the optimal use of these arresters, it is possible to lower surge arrester ratings and thereby improve protective margins, resulting in a possible reduction of the insulation levels bil of substation equipment. Protective relaying philosophy and design guidelines pjm. Guidance is provided to substation engineers in determining the design, equipment, and practices deemed necessary for the fire protection of substations. Design guide for rural substations usda rural development. Tikhodeev encyclopedia of life support systems eolss into substation equipment systems. Setting procedures are only discussed in a general nature in the material to follow. Pdf electric power substations engineering by john d. The low voltage distribution networks are supplied from substation transformers that represent the last. No description bidder to confirm 1 the lead bidder agency i. The rolling sphere method provides superior protection from strikes to the substations equipment, however, the low historical gfd and the small equipment area mean there is a low anticipated frequency of strikes within the equipment area. The electric power is produced at the power stations which are located at favourable places, generally quite away from the consumers. Prot 411 provides an indepth study of the methods used in designing protection for highvoltage power transformer protection and substation bus protection. Overhead lines and substation equipment can be protected against direct strokes to a considerable extent by using earth or ground wires, which shield the equipment.
Shielding methods do not permit an arc to form between the conductor and ground. Peb package1 bidder can tie up with an agency who have designed, engineered, supplied and. The first step in planning a substation layout is the preparation of a oneline diagram, which shows in simplified form the switching and protection arrangement required, as well as the incoming supply lines and outgoing feeders or transmission lines. Technical guide the mvlv transformer substations abb group.
The largest transmission substations can cover a large area several acreshectares with multiple voltage levels, many circuit breakers, and a large amount of protection and control equipment voltage and current transformers, relays and scada systems. Teleprotection solutions with guaranteed performance using packet switched wide area communication networks english pdf white paper nsd570 teleprotection equipment english pdf brochure etl600 r4 universal digital power line carrier english pdf brochure advanced power grid protection english pdf article. Purpose of protection system l minimize damage l leave unaffected equipment inservice l maintain equipment operating limits l maintain electrical system stability. The station may consist of transformers, switches, circuit breakers and other auxilliary equipment. Substation configuration substation configuration can greatly affect protection choices substation physical design engineers must be in full agreement with protection and control engineers, even for temporary substation configurations. Transformer protection application guide this guide focuses primarily on application of protective relays for the protection of power transformers, with an emphasis on the most prevalent protection schemes and transformers. An electrical substation is a subsidiary station of electricity generation, transmission and distribution system where voltage is transformed from high to low or low to high using transformers. Basic substation configurations and the components. In most substation applications, a class 2 rubber glove is the required level of protection. Part 1 also provides an overview of substation major equipment, explaining the mission, and arrangement of each component. Where specific grounding connection points are not available, grounding.
The first substations deployed had airinsulated switchgear ais. Design study for 3311 kv substation, distribution and protection in the city of kenya. While protection should not be defeated by the failure of a single component, sev. Ieee psrc, wg i25 may 10, 2017 commissioning testing of. Under abnormal conditions, switchgear equipment automatically disconnects faulted equipment from the rest of the power system as soon as possible, in order to minimize damage. Substation steel structures, that have not been retrofitted, can be upgraded using commercially available threaded stud grounding sockets. To better understand the importance of electrical substations, lets start with a discussion about the structure of the power systems and their main components. Transmission substations can range from simple to complex. The manual is applicable for all substation projects regardless of internalexternal design delivery mode.
Nov 27, 2012 ieee guide for substation fire protection redline abstract. Oct, 2011 the objective of this study of substation equipment and protection electrical and electronics engineering eee final year project report is to present protection guidelines that address the above concerns and prevent the electronic equipment failures in substations. Pdf lightning overvoltage and protection of power substations. Emerging technologies and future trends in substation.
Substation automation protection and control substation. Basic sas architectures 3 distributed bay controllers implement interlocking and interface ieds ieds implement protection and switching hmi allows local control and system. Pdf power systems must be protected against faults to ensure quality and reliable generation, transmission and distribution of power systems. Best practices for protection and control applications for. Overview purpose of substations substation equipment substation control house substation bus configurations.
Recent technological developments have had a tremendous impact on all aspects of substation design and operation. Centralized substation protection and control ieee psrc. Download electric power substations engineering by john d. The role of protection is not to prevent a fault from occurring but deal with it if one occurs and protect the power network as well as the primary equipment. The new, improved technology can thus be implemented step by step from standalone protective relays to complete coordinated protection and control. The substation design manual is not intended to replace asset management standards, but rather to act as a reference document that crossreferences existing standards and process documentation and plugs any gaps where asset management documentation does not exist. Distribution substations michigan technological university. Fire protection systems designed specifically to address the unique hazards posed by power transformers are a design consideration that must be recognized and understood. Distribution substation protection needs above a minimum protection needed to avoid injury to people and damage to equipment, the level of protection of a substation is determined by how critical the loss of power is to the load. The various equipment 220kv2kv33kv dairy farm substation and various protections employed for them.
Microsoft powerpoint electrical protection module 4. Fundamentals of modern electrical substations part 1. A case study for substation lightning strike risk evaluation. This equipment is a compact multicomponent assembly, enclosed in a ground metallic housing, which the primary insulation medium is a compressed gas. Trends in the field of substation automation systems before the introduction of microprocessorbased equipment and serial communication in substations, protection, control and monitoring were handled separately by different, dedicated pieces of equipment and resulted in the responsibilities being split between various. A piece of protection also has to do with safety of personnel for instance fast trip settings, disabling breaker reclose, arcflash settings etc.
The introduction of metaloxidevaristor mov surge arresters has added a new dimension to substation equipment protection. When the space available for the installation of the substation is short or when the environmental conditions are extremely severe the usual solution is to install a gis gas insulated substation, which schematic diagram is shown in figure 3. This practical course covers medium and high voltage substations, including industrial, utility, commercial and institutional and introduces you to the up. The substation design manual is not intended to replace asset management standards, but rather. Td703 revision 6 temporary protective grounds for td. Study of substation equipment and protection projects. Design and construction specifications of the substation. There are nonshielding methods, such as use of lightning arresters and spark gaps.
1372 659 382 1581 754 731 67 1205 1071 89 1397 535 1257 1535 942 376 1395 1589 500 232 1039 530 1243 1584 1397 1388 548 114 1430 375 1070 123 603 1558 538 96 1455 65 233 918 251 666